Route servers are routers running BGP that you are allowed to telnet/SSH into and issue certain BGP show commands to view the BGP routing table from the perspective of that particular router.
Route servers can be a useful tool when troubleshooting BGP. It allows you to see a fully functioning BGP router with hundreds of thousands of route entries. This allows you to view your own prefixes from the perspective of the other parts of the Internet - so you can basically see what you are advertising to the world.
Here are a few useful links
http://www.routeviews.org - University of Oregon started this project to help service providers troubleshoot their BGP networks, but it has spawned off projects like the BGPlay Java Application found here: http://bgplay.routeviews.org
http://routeserver.org - this page will provide a map of public route servers and allows you to click on a route server to open a telnet connection to the particular server.
http://www.bgp4.as/looking-glasses - at the bottom of the page is a list of route servers and how to connect to them.
Be mindful of the outputs, though, as some route servers are configured with BGP in such a way that it may skew the actual view of the BGP entries.
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